Find out more about the authors who wrote them. The fact files in this timeline were commissioned by the BBC in June 2003 and September 2005. Across the Atlantic, a 138-decibel, 180-horse power air raid siren developed by Chrysler and Bell Telephone Laboratories was introduced to US cities in 1952 and still holds the record for being. In all 1.4 million men and women served as ARP wardens during World War Two. As the Cold War heated up in the 1950s, air-raid sirens were redeployed as civil defence sirens to signal the four-minute warning of a nuclear attack. There were still hundreds of thousands of volunteers in June 1944, although the numbers of full-time personnel had fallen from 127,000 at the height of the Blitz to 70,000 by the end of 1943. The Civil Defence services, including the ARP wardens, were maintained through the war. In May 1941 full-time and regular part-time wardens were issued with blue serge uniforms. At the beginning of the war, ARP wardens had no uniform, but wore their own clothes, with the addition of a steel helmet, Wellington boots and an armband. One in six was a woman, and amongst the men there were a significant number of veterans of World War One. Part-time wardens were supposed to be on duty about three nights a week, but this increased greatly when the bombing was heaviest. Their work often overlapped with the fire and medical services and the WVS (Women's Voluntary Service).Ī small percentage of ARP wardens were full-time and were paid a salary, but most were part-time volunteers who carried out their ARP duties as well as full-time jobs. Other members of the Civil Defence services included rescue and stretcher (or first-aid) parties, the staff of control centres and messenger boys. In the aftermath of a raid, ARP wardens would often be first on the scene, carrying out first-aid if there were minor casualties, putting out any small fires and helping to organise the emergency response. They would also check regularly on those in the air raid shelters. Whenever the air raid sirens sounded, the wardens would help people into the nearest shelter and then tour their sector, usually in pairs, at considerable risk from bombs, shrapnel and falling masonry. However, during the Blitz of 1940-1 wardens and other civil defence personnel proved themselves indispensable and heroic. These activities led to some ARP wardens being regarded as interfering and nosy. This meant making sure that no lights were visible which could be used by enemy planes to help locate bombing targets. Since no significant German air raids followed the outbreak of war in September 1939, the main duties of the ARP wardens in the early months were to register everyone in their sector and enforce the blackout. An ARP warden was almost always local - it was essential that he or she knew their sector and the people living there. Each post was divided into sectors, with perhaps three to six wardens in each sector. Each post covered a certain area, varying across the country, but with about ten to the square mile in London. ARP posts were initially set up in the wardens home, or in a shop or an office, but they were later purpose-built. The most visible members of the ARP were the air raid wardens. For the 150 price, the Air Raids solid audio performance at moderate volumes helps overcome its minor distortion issuesconsidered along with its water-resistant, rugged shell, its a. By the outbreak of war there were more than 1.5 million in the ARP (Air Raid Precautions), or Civil Defence as it was later re-named. By the middle of 1938 about 200,000 people were involved, with another half a million enrolling during the Munich Crisis of September 1938. In April 1937, an Air Raid Wardens' Service was created. In a lot of Respeecher projects today, however, "there is not just a company credited, but particular people from our team who worked on that piece.After World War One, military experts predicted that in any future war there would be large-scale bombing of the British civilian population, resulting in huge casualties. "We try our best to get as much of the publicity rights as possible, so in the case of the Star Wars projects we were credited as a company." "As a company we always should negotiate the publicity rights," Alex continues. And while the AI may not be able to claim rights to the work being done here (yet), in a big world of corporations small companies like Respeecher sometimes have to fight to have members of the team credited for their work. It's uncanny, really, listening to Mark Hamill's voice from a bygone era spewing new, cheesy lines, but in the words of Master Qui-Gon, "The ability to speak does not make you intelligent." As such, the general rule is that AI itself cannot claim rights to the voices, or indeed hold patents since it doesn't legally count as an individual (opens in new tab). (Image credit: Quantic Dream, Lucasfilm Games)
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