![]() ![]() A philosophical preface at the beginning of the first volume divided all knowledge into forty-seven separate branches and listed the articles that belonged to each. The articles appeared in alphabetical order, but Chambers adopted the novel approach of connecting them through an extensive cross-referencing system. The first edition, divided into two illustrated folio volumes, was published by subscription in 1728 with a dedication to George II. Of the wide range of sources consulted, he later asserted: “No body that fell in my way has been spared, antient nor modern, foreign nor domestic, Christian nor Jew, nor Heathen: philosophers, divines, mathematicians, critics, casuists, grammarians, physicians, antiquaries, mechanics, have been all brought under contribution.” One of Chambers’s goals was to simplify and clarify word usage-“to expunge the modern French and Italian terms in the several arts, where we have Latin and Greek ones and even the Latin and Greek ones, where we have English or Saxon ones, equal in sound and significancy”. 1740), Chambers developed a plan to create a general encyclopedia of knowledge. ![]() Historyĭuring his apprenticeship to the London bookseller, publisher, and globe-maker John Senex (d. 1680–May 15, 1740), an English writer and translator, compiled the Cyclopaedia: or, An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (1728), generally considered the first modern encyclopedia, which was widely used in the American colonies and an important source of ancient and modern ideas about gardening. Other resources: Library of Congress Authority File Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Įphraim Chambers (c. ![]() Used Keywords: Alley, Arbor, Arch, Avenue, Basin, Bath/Bathhouse, Bed, Beehive, Border, Bower, Bowling green, Canal, Cascade/Cataract/Waterfall, Column/Pillar, Common, Conservatory, Copse, Edging, Espalier, Fence, Flower garden, Fountain, Gate/Gateway, Greenhouse, Grotto, Grove, Hedge, Hermitage, Jet, Kitchen garden, Labyrinth, Mound, Mount, Nursery, Obelisk, Orchard, Park, Parterre, Pavilion, Piazza, Plantation, Plot/Plat, Portico, Prospect, Shrubbery, Square, Statue, Summerhouse, Sundial, Temple, Terrace/Slope, Thicket, View/Vista, Walk, Wall, Wilderness, Wood/Woods, Yard ![]()
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